12–15% of the AP exam. Key topics: Mechanical waves: transverse and longitudinal, Wave parameters: speed, frequency, wavelength, period (v = fλ), Wave amplitude and intensity, Standing waves and resonance in strings and open/closed pipes, Harmonics and overtones, Sound waves and the speed of sound, Doppler effect for sound (moving source and/or moving observer), Superposition principle and wave interference (constructive and destructive), Young's double-slit interference (mλ = d sinθ), Single-slit diffraction, Thin-film interference and phase shifts on reflection, Wave-particle duality introduction (light as both wave and particle).
Study guide content for this unit is being prepared. Check back soon for complete lesson notes, formula sheets, and worked examples.
