15–18% of the AP exam. Key topics: Kinetic theory of gases and microscopic model of pressure, Ideal gas law (PV = nRT), Internal energy and temperature, First law of thermodynamics (ΔU = Q + W or Q − W), Second law of thermodynamics and entropy, Thermodynamic processes: isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric, PV diagrams: work as area under curve, interpretation of processes, Heat engines and efficiency (e = |W|/|Q_H|), Carnot efficiency (e_C = 1 − T_C/T_H), Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation, Thermal equilibrium and zeroth law.
Study guide content for this unit is being prepared. Check back soon for complete lesson notes, formula sheets, and worked examples.
