12–17% of the AP exam. Key topics: The Industrial Revolution, Economic Sectors (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary), Measures of Development (GDP, GNI, HDI, GII, infant mortality, literacy), Women and Economic Development (gender inequality index), Theories of Development (Rostow's Stages of Growth, dependency theory, world systems theory, commodity dependence), Trade and the World Economy (WTO, IMF, World Bank, free trade zones), Changes from World Economy (deindustrialization, special economic zones, maquiladoras), Sustainable Development (SDGs, environmental impact).
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