36–45% of the AP exam. Key topics: Figurative Language (FIG): mastering figurative density — reading poems where multiple tropes operate simultaneously and interact to produce layered meaning, Structure (STR): sophisticated poetic form analysis — how an unexpected formal choice (a broken sonnet, an irregular refrain) enacts or contests the poem's argument, Narration (NAR): advanced speaker analysis — the dramatized speaker as a constructed persona, speaker unreliability, and the distance between speaker belief and poem's implication, Ambiguity as a resource: recognizing and analyzing productive ambiguity — words, images, or syntactic constructions that sustain multiple valid readings simultaneously, Literary Argumentation (LAN): applying the full three-row rubric to poetry — building a line of reasoning that develops rather than catalogues, from specific formal evidence to unified interpretation, Poetry MCQ efficiency: reading full poem sets (8–13 questions per poem) quickly and anchoring every MCQ answer in precise textual evidence rather than general impression.
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